For each experiment constants below, specify the independent variable, dependent variable, control group and any student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips wer As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would 1. A added before each test flight. fly Independent variable Dependent variable Control Constant 2. Two groups of students were tested to compare their speed working math problems. Each group was given the same problems. One group used calculators and the other group computed without calculators Independent variable Dependent variable Control Constant

The constants are such entities which are not replaced or can not be changed but they remain the same for each object or entity or we can just say that the properties of any space given remains the same all the way from the start of any experiment of activity to the end of it.

Such as the mass,m , density,D, and the chemical bonding of the compounds and those objects under-consideration can not be changed or varied.  In this case the mass of the plan made out of a certain material its density,D etc can not be varied. As the different properties can not be changed in any such way or mechanism, while there are certain factors which are termed as the designing of the objects and the entities which includes the factor of temperature,T , pressure,P and the volume,V of the vary entity under-consideration. While, the two group of students are provided by the specific manner and number of materials.As these materials can be improved by using the more advance form of instruments, as long as the technology exists the students will be able to control the different errors and improving there quality of work, as each measurement and experimentation requires more accuracy and precision for measuring the different factors.

The correct answer is:   [b]:   "distortion" .