How do debt repayment and structural adjustment terms hamper economic development?
a. only wealthy nations need to repay their debts, so it slows their progress.
b. this is no longer a problem because debt repayment was completely erased after world war ii.
c. both measures rob a developing nation of money it could use to invest in social welfare improvements.
d. they always penalize highly developed nations rather than underdeveloped ones.

Let's look at the options:
A. Only wealthy nations need to repay their debts, so it slows their progress. -this is not true, as not only wealthy nations need to pay back debt, but all nations
B. This is no longer a problem because debt repayment was completely erased after World War II. -this is not true: this is still a problem, and quite a big one. 
C. Both measures rob a developing nation of money it could use to invest in social welfare improvements. Well, debt repayment does rob developing nation of money that it could use for other purposes: so it's true! (structural adjustment doesn't rob but it maintains the state in which the nation needs to pay back the debt)- this is the correct answer! 
D. They always penalize highly developed nations rather than underdeveloped ones. - This is not true, as both countries are penalized, and the underdeveloped ones even more so. 

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Magma forms by partial melting of upper mantle and crust. partial melt means that only a fraction of the available material forms a melt, and that the remainder stays solid. the partial melt rises because of its lower density and ascends through he crust. this is so conclusive mean the answer would be magma igneous rocks or balistic magma.

Ido believe it is b