How does the climate affect temperature and rainfall?

The climate can affect the vegetation as well but lets get real. Of course if you were going to the desert you can't expect cool nice weather, lots of rain etc. This could be because of where it is positioned on earth. Like countries towards the equator are hotter than say tasmania ( Australia ) It is closer to the bottom of the earth than Africa where it is a bit hotter. Thanks for asking your question and hope this helps