Question 3 (15% of this assignment): (financial: credit card number validation) credit card numbers follow certain patterns: it must have between 13 and 16 digits, and the number must start with: 4 for visa cards 5 for mastercard credit cards 37 for american express cards 6 for discover cards in 1954, hans luhn of ibm proposed an algorithm for validating credit card numbers. the algorithm is useful to determine whether a card number is entered correctly or whether a credit card is scanned correctly by a scanner. credit card numbers are generated following this validity check, commonly known as the luhn check or the mod 10 check, which can be described as follows (for illustration, consider the card number 4388576018402626): 1. double every second digit from right to left. if doubling of a digit results in a twodigit number, add up the two digits to get a single-digit number. 4388576018402626 2 = 4 2 = 4 4* 2 = 8 * 2 = 2 6 * 2 = 12 (1 + 2 = 3) 5* 2 = 10 (1 + 0 = 1) 8 * 2 = 16 (1 + 6 = 7) 4 * 2 = 8 2. now add all single-digit numbers from step 1. 4 + 4 + 8 + 2+ 3+ 1 + 7 + 8 = 37 3. add all digits in the odd places from right to left in the card number. 6 + 6 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 7 + 8 + 3 = 38 4. sum the results from steps 2 and 3. 37 + 38 = 75 5. if the result from step 4 is divisible by 10, the card number is valid; otherwise, it is invalid. for example, the number 4388576018402626 is invalid, but the number 4388576018410707 is valid. write a program that prompts the user to enter a credit card number as an integer. display whether the number is valid or invalid. design your program to use the following functions: # return true if the card number is valid def isvalid (number): # get the result from step 2 def sumofdouble evenplace (number): # return this number if it is a single digit, otherwise, return # the sum of the two digits def getdigit(number): # return sum of odd place digits in number def sumo foddplace (number):

hi there,

on december 11, 2001, china officially became the 143rd member of the

world trade organization (wto) in the culmination of a negotiation

process which began in 1986. economists have long been debating the

global effects of china's accession to the wto, and as china becomes

fully integrated into the organization over the next several years,

the accuracy of their predictions will be tested.

one of the biggest residual effects of china's entry to the wto,

according to economists, will be the relocation of manufacturing and

distribution centers to china. due to its cheap labor, cheap

industrial land, and educated workforce, china is an ideal production

centre for businesses based in outside countries. this will likely

result in a twofold impact – more jobs will be available in china,

while countries like india, which have historically offered cheap

labor, will suffer. taiwan and malaysia's technology industries are

already suffering as companies like dell computers move production to

china, and while foreign investment soars in china, other asian

countries suffer. in addition, mexico and the caribbean will lose

thousands of garment manufacturing jobs as the u.s. lifts restraints

on chinese textile imports.

while the impact on southeast asia may be negative, the western world

may benefit. while some suggest china's open borders will result in

increased competition and a decreased employment rate for the western

world, western countries will benefit from access to china's highly

developed electronics and industry sectors. with duties and quotas

slashed, and restrictions lifted, multinationals will benefit by

setting up distribution centers without the need for chinese

middlemen. in addition, it's expected that china will import massive

amounts of food products, machinery and vehicles from the u.s., japan,

hong kong, taiwan, singapore and south korea, thus providing

significant boosts to these countries' economies.

in conclusion, it seems that while western countries may benefit from

china's accession to the wto, there's the potential that asian and

south american countries may feel the pinch of free trade as china

moves to a global economy.