What nonrenewable resource played the largest role in the economic development of the persian gulf countries

Oil resources.

Explanation:

Most of the Persian Gulf is located near the Gulf of Oman and is a gulf basin that is related to the subducting of the Arabian sea and is of the Cenozoic origin. G\as a maximum length of 989 km and is marked by major river delta. Being a coastal area has the single largest source of the naturally occurring oil and gas. And the world's largest offshore oil fields is also located here.

The answer is 1-plate movement along fault lines