Read the excerpt. when you are old and gray and full of sleep, and nodding by the fire, take down this book, and slowly read, and dream of the soft look your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep… what does the speaker ask of the person he is addressing in “when you are old” by william butler yeats? a. to remember that she was once loved for who she really is b. to think about when she was young and beautiful c. to write and tell him how she is d. to visit him some day

1. the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent- reference

reference refers to the relationship between mainly pronoun and another unit of grammar- noun phrase or noun.

2. a singular noun naming a collection or group- collective noun.

collective noun refers to the kind of noun which refer to the name of people, thing or anything in collective. for instance bundle of sticks, herein 'bundle' is collective noun.  

3. a modifying clause whose subject and/or verb is implied- elliptical clause

it is a clause in which words are being left out. on the other hand, the missing word is understood due to the logic or pattern of the sentence.  

4. two or more nouns and/or pronouns serving the same grammatical function and followed by a pronoun that references one or all nouns- compound antecedent

compound antecedent refers to which is made up of two or more words which are joined by 'or' or 'and.'

5. an adjective clause introduced by a pronoun- relative clause.

relative clauses are the clauses which begin with the relative pronouns such as when, where, which, that or who. the noun that precedes, relative pronouns identify or define that noun.  

6. the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers- antecedent.

antecedents refers to the phrases, clauses or words which are replaced with one of the third personal pronouns.

throughout the ancient epic of gilgamesh, the protagonist, gilgamesh of course, exhibited many character traits that made him a true epic hero. one great trait that gilgamesh acquires of an epic hero is that he's a courageous and confident leader. in the text enkidu is too afraid to fight, but he's positive that gilgamesh has the ability to triumph against humbaba. gilgamesh tells enkidu to not be afraid and then continues on to remind him of all the victories he's had against similar foe. gilgamesh proves that he's confident by encouraging enkidu and shows he's courageous when enkidu ask gilgamesh to battle humbaba alone because he knows that gilgamesh will reign victorious.

another characteristic that makes gilgamesh an epic hero is that he's brave and takes risks. "dread surged through gilgamesh, terror flooded his muscles, his heart froze, his mouth went dry, his legs shook, his feet were rooted to the ground. / gilgamesh felt his courage return. they charged at humbaba like two wild bulls." when reading the first part of the quote you see that gilgamesh is terrified of humbaba, and realizing that humbaba is the antagonist he's about to battle is taking a big risk. gilgamesh soon shows how brave he is by not letting his fear of humbaba overtake him, instead he went charging into the face of fear and triumphs.