Read the excerpt below from the short story “the raft” by peter orner and answer the question that follows. my grandfather, who lost his short-term memory sometime during the first eisenhower administration, calls me into his study because he wants to tell me the story he’s never told anybody before again. . my grandfather slams the door and motions me to the chair in front of his desk. i’ll be thirteen in two weeks. “there’s something i want to tell you, son,” he says. “something i’ve never told anybody. you think you’re ready? you think you’ve got the gumption? ” “i think so.” “think so? ” “i know so, sir. i know i’ve got the gumption.” . . “it was late,” he says. “someone knocked on my stateroom door. i leaped up. in those days i slept in uniform—shoes, too.” my grandfather smiles. his face is so perfectly round that his smile looks like a gash in a basketball. i smile back. “don’t smile,” he says. “just because i’m smiling, don’t assume i couldn’t kill you right now. know that about a man.” source: orner, peter. “the raft.” the atlantic online. the atlantic monthly company, apr. 2000. web. 10 may 2011. which point of view does the text use?

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

dramatic irony occurs when the reader/audience knows more about a character's situation than the character does. the one main effect is that it gives the reader a sense of superiority, or detached superiority. the reader not only seemingly discovers what is revealed, but feels superior for doing so.