To which of the following literary and intellectual movements was modernism a reaction

Modernism was a reaction to the literary and intellectual movement of Realism.

answer; ///(a) and (c) newspaper article and instruction manual; //so the answer is (e)

the answer is: round.

in literature, round characters are considerably complex and experience or are subjected to unpleasant situations. as a consequence, they go through crucial sentimental and psychological development, which can cause surprise in the readers. in this case, juan's dramatic transformation is related to the adversities he meets at school.