Identify the most effective counterclaim to the statement below. schools should extend the educational year to reduce the student learning gap that occurs over the summer. a. the summer learning gaps are over-reported and under-proven. b. extending the school year will cost approximately sixty-six million dollars, and the gains have not been proven. c. students would be safer if they were in school because many parents don’t have effective care for students over the summer. d. students do not want to go more days and the schools should make the existing days more effective.

I would contend that the right answer is the B) Extending the school year will cost approximately sixty-six million dollars, and the gains have not been proven.

Explanation: Just to elaborate a little on the answer, it can be added that a counterclaim is, in basic terms, an opposing claim to the one made. The statement contends that the educational year should be extended allegedly in order to reduce the learning gap that occurs over the summer. An effective counterclaim stresses the extraordinary cost of such measure (of extending the school year) and the lack of evidence that can confirm its effectiveness.    

1. drag the central argument paine presents and its two claims to complete the chart. argument claims america may have flourished more had it not been under the power of any european country. america may have flourished under britain in the past, but there is no guarantee that it will continue to flourish in the future. america will continue to flourish as long as the essential food products it sells are bought and eaten in europe. the american colonies will no longer flourish when britain makes war against them. britain's king has shown himself to be prejudiced against the colonies, rather than wanting them to flourish.

2.select the sentence in this passage that can be classified as a false statement.

although few humans per year are attacked by polar bears, any individual attack can be terrifying and even fatal. the warming of arctic regions has allowed the intrusion of humans into the polar bears’ habitat, increasing the danger of harmful contacts. remaining alert and using precautions can humans avoid a negative encounter with a polar bear. traveling together and staying close to the group can humans avoid bear attacks. certain weapons, including nonlethal ones such as pepper spray, are effective against polar bears. once a bear has decided to attack, however, nothing can be done.

3.select the sentence in this passage that demonstrates the fallacy of making an extreme either-or claim.

the civil war was the bloodiest conflict in the history of the united states. more than 600,000 soldiers lost their lives. the fighting took place in many different cities and throughout the countryside. the wounded often suffered acute pain while in the field hospitals. they all should have asked for better care. william hammond, the surgeon general of the union army, created a new system of sanitary field care. if people do not accept hammond as the most important person from the civil war, they have no understanding of the war.

not sure but i think it’s the snug nest