These are in the text surrounding a word and give hints for the meaning of the word. they are called

to avoid unnecessary repetition, not every chapter has a map exercise attached. write a one or two-sentence answer explaining the significance of the items 7, ¶ 3-4 - civilization began in the fertile crescent because villages needed careful “in an epic tale told not long after his reign, we find gilgamesh claiming

its the 2nd line believe me i did this dont forget to press