In the phrase "by the benignant influences of the former” (par. 3, bottom of p. 214), benignant most likely means: Benevolent
Indifferent
Unkind
Hostile

Benevolent

Explanation:

the incorrect statement about jews is: d. jews began migrating to germany after the end of world war i. jews migrated throughout the world across many centuries, and that was also the case with germany, the migration began before the end of world war i, but there was an emigration wave before the start of the world war ii.

the purpose of the heading in the passage is to identify who is telling the story.

this excerpt is part of the book sugar changed the world (2010) written by marc aronson and marina budhos. as the book has been written by two people, the heading "marc" indicates that this specific excerpt is being narrated by aronson. in the fragment, marc describes his grandfather's story after hearing it from his cousin. however, there are other excerpts where budhos is the one that tells the story of her family.

aronson and budhos, who are husband and wife in real life, decided to write sugar changed the world when they found out how sugar, which had an important role in slavery and economy, changed their ancestors' lives.