Read the text The Milky Way: The band that looks like milk in the night sky isn't actually milk, of course–it's a galaxy. A galaxy is a huge cluster of stars, dust, gas, and other objects bound together in space. Our Solar System, which includes the sun, Earth, and other planets, is part of the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way is about 14 billion years old. Almost 10 billion years older than our Solar System!

It took many years to discover the Milky Way. In the early 1500s, Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to show that Earth was an object orbiting the Sun. In the early 1600s, Galileo Galilei used a basic telescope to show that the Milky Way was made up of countless stars. Then, in the late 1700s, William Herschel tried to map out the shape of the Milky Way. He did not realize that large portions of the galaxy were hidden by gas and dust, so he could not identify the true shape. Edwin Hubble had access to many powerful telescopes and tools to observe more objects in space. His work provided evidence that the Milky Way was only one of many galaxies in the universe. He also identifies the spiral shape of our galaxy.
Select a detail from the text that supports the idea that Nicolaus Copernicus's discoveries needed to occur before the Milky Way could be discovered.

Edwin Hubble had access to many powerful telescopes and tools to observe more objects in space.

In the early 1500s, Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to show that Earth was an object orbiting the sun.

In the early 1600s, Galileo Galilei used a basic telescope to show that the Milky Way was made up of countless stars.

William Herschel did not realize that large portions of the galaxy were hidden by gas and dust, so he could not identify the true shape.

Read the passage, then answer the question that follows. no one could have seen it at the time, but the invention of beet sugar was not just a challenge to cane. it was a hint—just a glimpse, like a twist that comes about two thirds of the way through a movie—that the end of the age of sugar was in sight. for beet sugar showed that in order to create that perfect sweetness you did not need slaves, you did not need plantations, in fact you did not even need cane. beet sugar was a foreshadowing of what we have today: the age of science, in which sweetness is a product of chemistry, not whips. in 1854 only 11 percent of world sugar production came from beets. by 1899 the percentage had risen to about 65 percent. and beet sugar was just the first challenge to cane. by 1879 chemists discovered saccharine—a laboratory-created substance that is several hundred times sweeter than natural sugar. today the sweeteners used in the foods you eat may come from corn (high-fructose corn syrup), from fruit (fructose), or directly from the lab (for example, aspartame, invented in 1965, or sucralose—splenda—created in 1976). brazil is the land that imported more africans than any other to work on sugar plantations, and in brazil the soil is still perfect for sugar. cane grows in brazil today, but not always for sugar. instead, cane is often used to create ethanol, much as corn farmers in america now convert their harvest into fuel. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how does this passage support the claim that sugar was tied to the struggle for freedom? it shows that the invention of beet sugar created competition for cane sugar. it shows that technology had a role in changing how we sweeten our foods. it shows that the beet sugar trade provided jobs for formerly enslaved workers. it shows that sweeteners did not need to be the product of sugar plantations and slavery.