Read the excerpt from "Saving a Ghost Animal.” First, American Indians came to the island. They cleared forests and hunted the mammals. Later, explorers from Europe arrived.

Based on the context clues, what is the meaning of the word explorers?

to study animal behavior
characterized by a sense of adventure
people who investigate unknown lands
the act of destroying natural habitats

Read the sample student claim and the reasons listed for making this claim. claim: although many people argue that medical testing on animals is a violation of animal rights, the benefits it yields for society far outweigh any argument that can be made. reason #1: animal research has yielded both pain-relieving and life-saving drugs for humans. reason #2: laws prohibit scientists from using animal-based research in cases where non-animal testing would produce equally clear and valid results.

How does the author create a surprise ending? cite evidence from the text to support your answer.

While looking at ads on a professional job site, justin saw this job posting: "the employee should have a degree in human behavior and at least 5 years experience in behavioral modifications. we are also looking for an employee who is good at crisis divergence. typically employees will spend a lot of time supporting others."