I need help on this for a pretest plz helpp

How does the author create a surprise ending? cite evidence from the text to support your answer.

London includes a quote about john thornton as he is observing hal attempt to motivate the exhausted dogs "it was idle, he knew, to get between a fool and his folly". if the word "idle" is defined as "of no real worth, importance, or significance", what does this statement mean with regard to hal? who is the fool? what is hal's folly? why would john thornton think it of no real worth or useless to intervene?

How do you think the political and social strife of england influenced jonathan swift ? how were these problems connected to reason