Identify each action as either effective or disruptive to a group discussion. Ask dominant participants
to allow others to speak
Interrupt the speaker to ensure
that everyone is taking notes.
Ask participants to stop
speaking if they get
off topic
When in doubt, politely
ask a speaker to explain
his or her point
If a person rudely objects to
a speaker's point, ask that
person to respect the
speaker's opinion
Make sure you get as many
opportunities as possible
to speak
effective action
disruptive action

In the real world, feldman learned to settle for less than 95 percent. he came to consider a company “honest” if its payment rate was above 90 percent. he considered a rate between 80 and 90 percent “annoying but tolerable.” if a company habitually paid below 80 percent, feldman might post a hectoring note, like this one: the cost of bagels has gone up dramatically since the beginning of the year. unfortunately, the number of bagels that disappear without being paid for has also gone up. don’t let that continue. i don’t imagine that you would teach your children to cheat, so why do it yourselves? the excerpt serves as which type of support for the authors’ argument? a claim an example a conclusion a counterclaim