Which structural element is used in the excerpt by Anaya but not in the excerpt by Nye

the african society basically suffered the consequences of colonization and apartheid directly attacking the black people, first, during the colonialism and its main idea which which "white people" had better rights, affecting   them principally in the right to establish black people in their territories, access to quality education and health services and took away any civil right even to the black people to feel they have the same opportunities as the settlers.

type of error:

the error in the sentence is a "dangling modifier". a dangling modifier is a phrase, word or clause that "dangles" because there is not target to modify. in this case, "after mopping the floor" is the dangling modifier since it has no word to modify. the noun "house" cannot mop the floor; therefore there is a mistake in the writing of the sentence.