Mary Anning: First Fossil Hunter Smack! Smash! Splash! In 1799, Mary Anning was born to the sound of ocean waves crashing against the cliffs of Lyme Regis, England. When Mary was just a few years old, she and her older brother, Joseph, would go to the town's seashore with her father. Here Mary's father taught his children how to hunt for fossils in the rocks and cliffs. At this time, scientists were just beginning to understand fossils, or the remains of plants and animals that lived long, long ago. Wealthy visitors would come to Lyme Regis to vacation. The Anning family had little money, so they would sell the small fossils they found to these tourists.

Mary was a quiet girl. Some might say that in Mary's case still waters run deep because she was also bright, curious, and a hard worker who spent long days on the beach looking for fossils. She needed to help her family survive. Life was hard and when it rains, it pours. Soon, Mary's father died. Although she was only 10, Mary was forced to quit school, and now she needed to work even harder to find fossils to sell. Because of unstable cliffs, battering waves, and sudden storms, Mary had to be bold and daring. It was dangerous work.

But one day, something happened to show that every cloud has a silver lining. When Mary was about 12, Joseph made a fantastic find. He found a large fossil skull that had a long nose and many teeth.

First, Mary planned how to uncover the rest of the creature. Then, over several months, she unearthed each part of the fossil. Since haste makes waste, Mary did not want to hurry and damage the fossil. She chiseled and chipped slowly, tapping and brushing carefully. Finally, Mary uncovered an almost complete skeleton of a prehistoric creature. A wealthy neighbor bought the fossils and later scientists named the creature ichthyosaur, or fish-lizard.

The discovery of the ichthyosaur called attention to Mary as a fossil hunter, but her family was still poor. Mary continued to uncover fossils to sell. Even though she had little formal schooling, Mary knew how to read and write. During her teenage years, Mary taught herself about rocks, animals, fish, and the earth. She wrote letters to well-known scientists. Some scientists came to visit her in Lyme Regis.

About 11 years after finding ichthyosaur, Mary made another astonishing discovery. She dug out another reptile that had lived in the sea, the first complete plesiosaur. The plesiosaur was nine feet long with a lizard's head and crocodile teeth. Scientists called the long-necked plesiosaur the sea dragon. This was followed by her discovery of the rare fossil of the flying dragon, pterodactyl.

With each discovery, Mary's fame grew. Visitors followed her on fossil hunts, and scientists combed the beach with her. Throughout her life, Mary looked for fossils. She was one of the first persons to make a living as a fossil hunter. Mary helped solve the puzzle of what life was like long ago.

After her death in 1847, Mary was honored with a stained-glass window in the church of Lyme Regis. Many of the fossils Mary Anning uncovered are still studied and displayed in museums.

This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

Part A
Which statement best explains how the passage is organized?

A.
The author tells the sequence of events in Mary's life.

B.
The author lists the reasons why Mary became a fossil hunter.

C.
The author compares the different dinosaur skeletons that were discovered.

D.
The author describes the problems that led to the discovery of the ichthyosaur.

Part B
Which sentences from the passage best support your answer in Part A? Pick two choices.

A.
"Wealthy visitors would come to Lyme Regis to vacation."

B.
"Although she was only ten, Mary was forced to quit school, and now she needed to work even harder to find fossils to sell."

C.
"Because of unstable cliffs, battering waves, and sudden storms, Mary had to be bold and daring."

D.
"Even though she had little formal schooling, Mary knew how to read and write."

E.
"During her teenage years, Mary taught herself about rocks, animals, fish, and the earth."

F.
"Scientists called the long-necked plesiosaur the sea dragon."

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