READ AND ANSWER Rip Current Safet from the National Weather Service
1 Why Rip Currents Form
As waves travel from deep to shallow water, they will break near the shoreline. When waves break strongly in some locations and weakly in others, this can cause circulation cells, which are seen as rip currents: narrow, fast-moving belts of water traveling offshore.

2 Why Rip Currents Are Dangerous
Rip currents are the leading surf hazard for all beachgoers. They are particularly dangerous for weak or non-swimmers. Rip current speeds are typically 1–2 feet per second. However, speeds as high as 8 feet per second have been measured—this is faster than an Olympic swimmer can sprint! Thus, rip currents can sweep even the strongest swimmer out to sea.
Over 100 drownings due to rip currents occur every year in the United States. More than 80% of water rescues on surf beaches are due to rip currents.

3 Where Rip Currents Form
Rip currents most typically form at low spots or breaks in sandbars, and also near structures such as jetties and piers. Rip currents can be very narrow or extend in widths to hundreds of yards. The seaward pull of rip currents varies: sometimes the rip current ends just beyond the line of breaking waves sometimes rip currents continue to push hundreds of yards offshore.

4 How to Identify Rip Currents
Look for any of these clues:
•a channel of churning, choppy water
•an area having a notable difference in watercolor
•a line of foam, seaweed, or debris moving steadily seaward
•a break in the incoming wave pattern

5 None, one, or more of the above clues may indicate the presence of rip currents. Rip currents are often not readily or easily identifiable to the average beachgoer. For your safety, be aware of this major surf zone hazard. Polarized sunglasses make it easier to see the rip current clues provided above.

6 How to Avoid and Survive Rip Currents
Learn how to swim!
•Never swim alone.
•Whenever possible, swim at a lifeguard-protected beach.
•Obey all instructions and orders from lifeguards.
•If caught in a rip current, remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly.
•Don’t fight the current. Swim out of the current in a direction following the shoreline. When out of the current, swim towards shore.
• If you are unable to swim out of the rip current, float or calmly tread water. When out of the current, swim towards shore.
• If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself: face the shore, wave your arms, and yell for help.

7 If you see someone in trouble, get help from a lifeguard. If a lifeguard is not available, have someone call 9-1-1. Throw the rip current victim something that floats and yell instructions on how to escape. Remember, many people drown while trying to save someone else from a rip current.
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1.Choose the correct answer.

How is the selection organized?

A. In time sequence order
B. In order of importance
C. By topic and subtopic

2.The selection begins by explaining —

A. why lifeguards are important and why you should learn to swim
B. how to save an endangered swimmer and stay safe yourself
C. what rip currents are and why they should be avoided

3.The author includes the information in paragraph 4 most likely to –

A. emphasize the dangers of rip currents
B. explain how to spot rip currents
C. explain how lifeguards watch for rip currents

4.The purpose of the subheadings in each section is to

A. capture the reader’s attention
B. prioritize the important information
C. organize the selection’s information

5.Which sentence from the selection best supports the claim that rip currents are dangerous?

A. Thus, rip currents can sweep even the strongest swimmer out to sea.
B. As waves travel from deep to shallow water, they will break near the shoreline.
C. If caught in a rip current, remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly.

6.Which statement from the selection best defines “Rip currents”.

A. Narrow, fast-moving belts of water traveling offshore.
B. An area having a notable difference in water color.
C. Low spots or breaks in sandbars.

7.What relevant evidence from paragraph 2 can support the claim that rip currents are dangerous?
(Enter your answer)
8. Which rhetorical device can you identify in the sentence from paragraph 6?
“If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself: face the shore, wave your arms, and yell for help.”

A. Repetition
B. Direct address
C