Closely read and annotate the following scene from Act 2 of “The Crucible.” Focus on understanding the irony and its purpose in the play. PROCTOR (counting his fingers): Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods, nor make unto thee any graven image. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain; thou shalt have no other gods before me. (with some hesitation) Thou shalt remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy. (Pause. Then.) Thou shalt honor thy father and mother. (He is stuck. He counts back on his fingers, knowing one is missing.) Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.

HALE: You have said that twice, sir.

PROCTOR (lost): Aye. (He is flailing for it.)

ELIZABETH (delicately): Adultery, John.

PROCTOR (as though a secret arrow had pained his heart): Aye. (trying to grin it away—to Hale) You see, sir, between the two of us we do know them all. (Hale only looks at Proctor, deep in his attempt to define this man. Proctor grows more uneasy). I think it be a small fault.

HALE: Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in a fortress may be accounted small. (He rises; he seems worried now. He paces a little, in deep thought.)

Is this verbal, situational, or dramatic irony? Explain.
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What is Miller’s purpose in including the irony in this scene? Explain thoroughly, using textual evidence from the excerpt above.
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