What is the central idea of this paragraph

What distinguishes the dialogue of this excerpt most clearly as a work of the postmodern era?

Which situation might occur in a conflict of character versus nature? a. a society disapproves of a character’s behavior. b. a character suffers from a serious illness and eventually dies. c. two characters argue over a difference of opinion. d. a character is unable to decide on his opinion of another character.

Which is the most effective paraphrase of the passage "six benches were left empty in every ship that evening when we pulled away from death. and this new grief we bore with us to sea: our precious lives we had, but not our friends" - the odyssey