What is it called when there is a difference between what one expects to happen and what actually happens? metaphor symbolism personification irony

Aman lives on the twelfth floor of an apartment building. every morning he takes the elevator down to the lobby and leaves the building. in the evening, he gets into the elevator, and, if there is someone else in the elevator -- or if it was raining that day -- he goes back to his floor directly. otherwise, he goes to the tenth floor and walks up two flights of stairs to his apartment.

Lines 47–56: determine the central idea of these lines

How is “a brief study of guts” organized? cause and effect chronological order fact by fact problem-solution