Which rhetorical element is included in this passage from president lincoln's second inaugural address?
"on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. all dreaded it, all sought to avert it. while the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to dissolve the union and divide effects by negotiation."

Pathos

Explanation:

Pathos is a rhetorical device that aims to convince someone on something or help them connect with an idea by appealing to their emotions, usually by evoking emotions of hope, pity, fear, sympathy, or sorrow. This element is characterized by not expressing statistic elements or facts that support the speaker's claim, but for being highly subjective and to evoke strong emotions.

In the passage given, Lincoln uses pathos to help the audience feel emotionally connected to the events that happened four years ago and evoke anger toward the insurgent agents who wanted to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.

- "the die is cast; i have consented to return if we are not destroyed. thus are my hopes blasted by cowardice and indecision; i come back ignorant and disappointed. it requires more philosophy than i possess to bear this injustice with patience. i have lost my hopes of utility and glory; i have lost my friend."

in "people in peace, not profit and war" chrisholm uses inductive reasoning for her argument against defense spending by stating that the new administration, like most americans, wanted to invest in social objectives, so they must not want to prioritize defense spending. mr. nixon said "we can delay no longer in launching new approaches to the problem that beset them", but chrisholm points out that the programs were delayed anyways.