What is it called when an author interrupts the current timeline to include events from an earlier time?

Samuel johnson believed that literature should appeal mainly to the scholar, to him the common man, to teach him the common man, to teach and him the king and the parliament

Which example is presented in chronological

Which revision, if any, best fixes the bolded (capitalized in this case) part of the sentence? female cardinals, a somewhat drab bird compared to the males, blend in well with their environment. no change somewhat drab birds a somewhat drab's bird somewhat drab bird's