The movement in fine arts during the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the 20th centuries that originated in europe and emphasized the objective expression of inner experience is called

This movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that originated in Europe that dealt with the expression of subjective inner experience and emotions rather than a strictly realistic depiction of phenomena is called expressionism. It is a reaction to the strongly realistic depictions of say the human form by such artists as Michelangelo in the Renaissance.