On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er, but whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o'er she shall press, ah, nevermore!

why does the speaker use repetition in the phrases "lamp-light gloated o’er” and "lamp-light gloating o’er” in the excerpt?

to show that the electric light is flickering on and off in the darkened room, which contributes to a frightful mood
to emphasize that the light is shining on the spot where lenore will never sit again, which contributes to a lonely mood
to show that the speaker is having trouble seeing even with the light of the lamp turned directly on the chair, which contributes to a mysterious mood
to emphasize that the light is next to the chair where the speaker is sitting, which contributes to a sad mood

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)