How can a reader determine the theme of a piece of literature?

a.)by considering a character’s growth, the author’s tone, and the effect of the piece on the reader
b.)by identifying point of view, genre, and sentence structure
c.)by analyzing figures of speech and rhetorical devices found in the piece
d.)by locating the topic sentence and using it as the theme statement

A reader can determine the theme of a piece of literature (a.)by considering a character’s growth, the author’s tone, and the effect of the piece on the reader

The theme refers to the central idea or an underlying thought in a work of literature. It can be said to refer to the ideas that the writer wants to present through a subject.

To identify the theme in a literature one need to be familiar with the plot, the characterization, and the primary conflict. Then we identify the subject of the story and identify the truth and insights about it of the subject which declares the theme of the story.

it is believed to be alfred, lord himself

may i see the passage?