The gutenberg printing press did not necessarily
1. set the wheels in motion for the modern printing industry
2. make newspapers immediately popular
3. make printing less time-consuming
4. lead in part to a new interest in learning and knowledge

The Gutenberg printing press did not necessarily make newspapers immediately popular. Option 2 is correct.

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink. It represented a fundamental improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly in order to transfer the ink, and accelerate the process.

Gutenberg's printing press was a landmark historical event. Prior to it, all books had to be copy by hand, which was a laborious task.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

question 1: d) the old man continued, "in the long run, what people think about shepherds and bakers becomes more important for them than their own destinies.'"

question 2: d) by providing a different perspective and encouraging the englishman to never give up, the boy him to discover the alchemist.

question 3: c) the stones he gave santiago the boy to recognize omens, which will him on his journey to find his personal legend.

question 4: d) when the englishman wants to quit, santiago doesn’t allow the englishman to give up.

question 5: a) by instructing the englishman to go and try, the englishman is motivated to continue on his journey toward his personal legend.

explanation: