Claim: the city should reduce the rate of subways and buses from $2.25 per ride to $1.25 per ride.

which is an effective counterclaim to this claim?

a. the current price of public transportation is necessary for paying workers and maintaining safe equipment.
b. if public transportation were less expensive, more people would be able to utilize it on a daily basis.
c. the cost of public transportation at the current rate can really add up for a person who travels to work every day.
d. a person who chooses to use public transportation has several options, including buying a thirty-day pass.

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. ‘you make me feel uncivilized, daisy,’ i confessed on my second glass of corky but rather impressive claret. ‘can’t you talk about crops or something? ’ i meant nothing in particular by this remark but it was taken up in an unexpected way. ‘civilization’s going to pieces,’ broke out tom violently. ‘i’ve gotten to be a terrible pessimist about things. have you read ‘the rise of the coloured empires’ by this man goddard? ’ ‘why, no,’ i answered, rather surprised by his tone. ‘well, it’s a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterly submerged. it’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.’ in this passage, tom’s ideas about race relations come off as uncivilized. what literary device is fitzgerald using here?