Read the excerpt from sudanese slit drum.

this thinning would materially change the sound of the drum, evidence that although it might continue to be used for its original purpose of music-making or calling people to arms, it would now do so with a different voice. a musical instrument had become a trophy, and the new carvings were in fact branding, a statement of the north’s political dominance over central africa and of allegiance to islam.

macgregor's analysis in this passage is mostly focused on

the musical history of the drum.
the religious history of the drum.
the cultural significance of the drum.
the general usefulness of the drum.

The passage shows the cultural meaning of the drum, as shown in the third answer option.

We can arrive at this answer because:

Thus, the drum became a symbol of resistance, very important for cultures.

More information about the culture at the link:

link

the cultural significance of the drum.

In this excerpt, the author discusses the cultural significance of the drum. He argues that the drum's original purpose was music-making and calling people to arms. However, after the people who used it underwent a cultural change, the purpose became one of displaying the north's political dominance over Central Africa and their allegiance to Islam. These changes were displayed by the new carvings that were in fact branding, and by the thinning that changed the sound of the drum.

hi there!

one thousand and one nights, also called the arabian nights is a collection of middle eastern tales compiled in arabic during the islamic golden age, dated from the 8th to the 14th century. this collection was compiled of largely middle eastern and indian stories with an uncertain date and autorship whose tales such as aladdin, ali baba and sinbad the sailor -these ones were the most popular ones, the ones that have almost become part of western folklore.

as in much medieval european literature, the stories contained in this collection are set within a frame story. its scene is central asia, as known as "the islands or peninsulae of india and china", where king shahryar kills his wife after discovering her infidelities and as well as any other who betrayed him.   then, loathing all womankind, he marries and kills his new wife each day until no more candidates could have been found. his vizier had two daughters, scheherezade and dunyazad. the elder one -scheherezade- having devised a scheme to save herself and the others insisted that her father needed to give her in marriage to the king. each evening, she used to tell a story leaving it incomplete and promising to finish it the following night. the stories kept the king very interested, so eager to hear evey ending of each story, that he puts off her execution from day to day and finally he decided to give up with his plan. these stories are contained within the collection of 1001 nights, the bulk of the text is in prose, although verse is usually used for songs and riddles to express better the heightened emotion of them.

edmund spenser and john bunyan also influenced hawthorne. : )

i hope this you with your work : )