What would be a good hook for the arctic tundra?

Why might the author have included the detail about father paul picking up the magazine? 1. it illustrates the constant conflict father paul faces in trying to communicate with leon.2. it establishes father paul as a well-read intellectual.3. it suggests that similar missionary work was causing conflict in other places as well.4. it shows that he was trying to remind himself that he did not agree with the people’s beliefs.(it's 3 )

Read this excerpt from leah missbach day's foreword to wheels of change. bicycles have long played a role in my life. as a young woman, i rode one year-round before i had a car. but it was later in adulthood that the bicycle became more than a source of transportation for me. the bicycle actually began to truly shape the way i saw the world. what is the author's purpose for including this in the foreword?

Based on this excerpt, the reader is able to conclude that turner feels about his friendship with lizzie.