Which of the following best describes how epic poetry can emerge from oral tradition?

a. an illiterate poet makes up a song and someone else writes it down.
b. stories are created and adapted from tradition, with individual poets changing parts of the story to suit their needs. eventually, someone writes the story down.
c. an epic poem is written. professional poets memorize the poems, and travel from city to city, reciting them to illiterate crowds.
d. none of the above—epic poetry cannot be adapted from oral tradition.