_ 1. What is this passage mostly about?
a. Christopher Columbus
b. a land bridge
c. the Vikings
d. discovering America
2.How did the first humans get to America?
a. By boat
b. By foot
c. By car
d. By swimming
3. According to the passage, who really discovered America?
a. Christopher Columbus who sailed to America
b. The Vikings from Norway
c. Ancient travelers that crossed a land bridge
d. Many European explorers
4. The author writes “But was America really a new land?” because
a. other European explorers had actually already found America
b. there were already people living here before the explorers
c. the explorers came from Spain, Portugal, and England
d. there was not enough food for everyone to live here
5. According to the passage, what connected Asia and North America? _.
6. Who discovered America? Use evidence from the text to support your answer. _

1. D. Discovering America

2. A. By boat

3. A.Christopher Columbus

4. B. There were already people living here before the explorers

5. Asia and North America were connected by a land bridge called Beringia.

6. Christopher Columbus discover America because the European explorers including Columbus came looking for riches and new land.  They sailed the  Atlantic and found America.

the rhetoric device being used to persuade the audience is pathos.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)