If you live anywhere El Niño has important impacts, you've heard forecasters say this year's event looks just like the monster El Niño of 1997-98. NASA satellite images of the
Pacific Ocean in November 1997 and November 2015 show almost identical, large pools of
warm water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The National Weather Service has forecast
that impacts this winter will resemble those in 1997, when California and the South
suffered floods, mudslides and tornadoes, while residents of the Upper Midwest saved $2
billion to $7 billion in heating costs throughout their unusually warm winter.
The author emphasizes the idea that-
a. In past, El Niño has done a lot of damage.
b. The El Niño could have a large impact on many people living in the United
States this year.
C. El Niño will be a good thing for most people.
d. There is not comparison between this El Niño and any of the previous El Niños.
5

c

Explanation:

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

brutus overlooks that the majority of the crowd served julius caesar the military general. he appeals to their citizenship as romans by calling them first by that name in his salutation: "romans, countrymen, lovers." mark antony, however, speaks in terms understood by the military, by calling them first by, "friends, romans, countrymen." he recalls not only caesar the general but caesar the friend, whose body they see covered with stab wounds.