Which sentence from the text best supports the idea that reading and writing fables may be a factor in shaping societies?
"Aesop may be the world's best-known writer of fables, and his fables have inspired
countless writers to adapt, iminate, and translate his works into many languages."
“He translated Aesop's fables into Latin so that they could be appreciated by a Roman
audience."
© “These fables were usually written as poems and used as life lessons and political
messages, shaped by historical events in the authors' own lifetimes.”
"Some of La Fontaine's most notable successors include the eighteenth-century Polish
bishop Ignacy Krasicki, who produced two collections of fables, and the nineteenth-century
Russian author Ivan Krylov, whose tales earned him support from the Russian emperor."

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

a.) literature that explores grotesque characters and eerie, violent occurrences in a dreary setting.