50 points, answer this plz

What is meant by “eternally burning black pipes”? what is this implying about the personality of the firemen?

Urgently need to do with 1-20. you very much!

The rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. which choice combines these two sentences from paragraph two to achieve a coherent flow of ideas? a) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden" and permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. b) permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago and the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden." c) the rich natural resources made the sacramento valley a "garden of eden; " and so the permanent villages were established about 8,000 years ago. d) because of the rich natural resources which made the sacramento valley a ‘garden of eden,’ native americans established permanent villages there 8,000 years ago.