Expression that do not literally mean what they say are called

In ralph ellison’s “the black ball” the narrator of the story stretches the truth or lies several times what do you think it is his motivation for being so untruthful

What does brutus say that anticipates the question of why the crowd should listen to mark antony? o a. not that i lov'd caesar less, but that i lov'd rome more. o b. and, for my sake, stay here with antony. do grace to caesar's corpse, and grace his speech. o c. i thrice presented him a kingly crown, / which he did thrice refuse. was this ambition? od. i come to bury caesar, not to praise him.

The significant structural shift that happens between chapters 21 and 22 is