The Private City and the Public City 1. In​ housing, pure​ water, and clean​ streets, the battle lines in most cities were drawn between individual profits and public need. Individual entrepreneurs shaped the modern American city with​ horse-car and trolley​ lines, skyscrapers,​ apartments, and tenements. Motivated by profit like their industrial​ counterparts, they​ worked, planned, and​ invested, putting their pocketbooks before their civic responsibilities. The result was that they provided good housing and services for only those city dwellers who could pay.

2. Historians have termed this type of city the open double quoteprivate city. close double quote Allowing the profit motive to determine urban growth created numerous problems. It led to such waste and inefficiency as competing trolley lines and such inconveniences as poorly cleaned streets. Most​ important, it stood contrary to planned urban growth. Urban entrepreneurs were generally unconcerned about the city as a​ whole, regarding parks as uneconomic use of real estate and battling against the idea of zoning. In the​ end, they contributed to the ugliness and problems of​ Pittsburgh, New​ York, Chicago, and other American cities.

3. By the turn of the​ century, urban engineers and other experts began calling for planned urban growth and more concern for city services. Advocates of the open double quotepublic ​city, close double quote they wanted​ efficient, clean, healthy cities where rich and poor alike could enjoy a decent standard of life. College​ educated, these professionals brought knowledge and administrative expertise to government service. After 1900 they would increasingly dominate the quest for better services and public​ responsibility, but in many cities their voices were heard too late. The scars of the private city remained on the urban landscape

1) The second sentence of paragraph 1 has a pattern of

A. time order.
B. listing.
C. contrast.
D. cause and effect.

2) What is the pattern of organization for the entire​ selection?

A. cause and effect
B. comparison and contrast
C. list
D. definition and example

3) What is the pattern of organization for paragraph​ 2?

A. definition and example
B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect
D. list

4) In the last sentence of paragraph​ 2, who does​ "they" refer​ to?

A. urban entrepreneurs
B. city dwellers
C. urban engineers
D. historians

5) Choose the set of phrases that best differentiates the​ "private" from the​ "public" city.

A. advocated by urban​ entrepreneurs/advocated by city planners
B. planned according to the profit​ motive/planned according to concern for city services
C. economic use of real​ estate/uneconomic use of real estate
D. good for the upper​ classes/good for the working class and poor