2. What is a top down hierarchal leader? How does this kind of leader differ from a 21st Century Leader?

The popular concept of a top-down hierarchical structure typically shows a dictator (on a spectrum somewhere from malevolent to benevolent) who sits at the top of the organization and literally dictates down decisions to be implemented by their minions. A tyrant is a tyrant in any structure.

The 21st century requires leaders and executive teams to have a strong strategic compass. Great leaders need to have strong self-awareness, need to be passionate visionaries, should have great clarity of purpose and should have a clear sense of direction while leading their teams.

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