What is nonessential information in a sentence called?

Read the excerpt from the time traveler's guide to elizabethan england. simon forman, who does attend plague sufferers, is a rare exception: this is because he has himself survived the disease and believes he cannot catch it again. however, his remedy amounts to little more than avoiding eating onions and keeping warm. he has a recipe for getting rid of the plague sores that will afflict you afterward if you survive the disease; but that is a very big "if.” it seems the best advice is provided by nicholas bownd in his book medicines for the plague: "in these dangerous times god must be our only defense.”which lines best summarize the excerpt?

What is the correct definition of a canal? a) a machine that picks cotton faster b) a large entity that can carry heavy loads c) a man made ditch filled with water d) a boat that can travel up the current

Read the summary of the first three paragraphs of “the world on turtle’s back.”[1] in the beginning, there was no land, only the great ocean. [2] the sky-world, the home of the gods, was above the ocean. [3] a sacred tree stood at the center. [4] one of the gods pulled out some of its roots for his pregnant wife. [5] this created a hole in the floor of the sky-world. [6] the man's wife fell through the hole toward the ocean below, clutching the roots in her hand. which is the best way to combine sentences 4 and 5? a) one of the gods pulled out some of its roots for his pregnant wife, which created a hole in the floor of the sky-world. b) one of the gods pulled out some of its roots for his pregnant wife, he created a hole in the floor of the sky-world. c) one of the gods pulled out some of its roots for his pregnant wife which created a hole in the floor of the sky-world. d) one of the gods pulled out some of its roots for his pregnant wife he created a hole in the floor of the sky-world.