English, 14.11.2019 08:31 ummsumaiyah3583

In linguistics, how do you know when to use the brackets [ ] vs. slashes / / ?

Answers: 3

Show answers

Answers

Slashes are used when the sound in question is a phoneme and in a "broad" transcription, while square brackets are used for allophones or for phonetic, "narrow" transcriptions (not phonemic transcriptions). I'll illustrate with an example:

In English, /p/ and /b/ are both phonemes, as we can create minimal pairs where the substitution of one with the other creates a difference in meaning. Hence, the only difference between /pæt/ and /bæt/ is the /p/ and the /b/, which have made different words with different meanings.

If, however, we want to be a little bit more specific when describing the sound quality of /p/, for example, we can say that in word-initial position, /p/ becomes 'aspirated' (ie. produced with a puff of breath). It then becomes the allophone [pʰ]. This allophone is not a phoneme, because the use of [pʰ] as opposed to /p/ does not create a difference in meaning - it simply describes the quality of the sound.

Dictionaries include broad phonemic transcriptions, but when we're describing someone's speech, we want to be more specific; the use of [ ] shows that we are using a phonetic, not a phonemic, transcription.

And by the way, /n/ becomes velarised, not palatalised, before /k/ and /g/ (a palatal /n/ is the 'ny' sound in 'Sonya'). The rules for this phenomenon would be something like:

V --> [+velar]/[+velar]
C --> [+velar]/[+velar]

(The rule is generally expressed each time for either a vowel or a consonant, I believe - I'm not sure if one can use brace notation with the V/C).

In other words, a vowel/consonant becomes velarised when it precedes a velar consonant, such as /k/ or /g/. In this case, /n/ becomes /ŋ/ before /k/ or /g/.

Answer from: Quest

the first proposition is to question economic materialism and victorian christianity. the lines are:

“it moves us not.—great god! i'd rather be

a pagan suckled in a creed outworn; ”

wordsworth is stating that nature no longer interests mankind, that the latter is not “moved” by it and explains that ancient western paganism had a more positive attitude concerning nature since it lacked the perv erted judaeo-christian interpretation of having received the world and all its animals and elements from god to use as we , instead of humans actually being not only part of nature but its wardens, meant to appreciate it and protect it.

the next lines are:

“so might i, standing on this pleasant lea,

have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;

have sight of proteus coming from the sea;

or hear old triton blow his wreathed horn.”

wordsworth here make it very clear that by actually looking and contemplating nature, human beings would reconnect with happiness, serenity and purpose. the use of mythological figures is quite evocative as well, proteus is a greek mythological god of the changing sea. he personifies the sea that changes, which symbolizes the way nature changes and inevitably can change to be destructive not only due to natural causes but to human pollution. furthermore, the sea is even more symbolic since all life originated in the sea so it is not only our past but our future since no life form in our planet can survive without water and if all water is destroyed in earth all life will be gone as well.

he then uses triton which is symbolic of the synthesis of both nature and mankind. triton is a mythological greek god that has the upper body of a man and the lower body of a fish (a merman). this human fish duality evokes the fact that humans are not only human but also part of nature, the fish tail representing nature. the main attribute of this god was that he used a conch shell as a horn to calm the roaring seas. in other words, triton uses nature through science for the benefit of human sailors who risk death during tempests. with the use of such metaphor, wordworth is conveying the message that human technology is supposed to use nature to preserve nature and thereby humanity as well.

Answer from: Quest

what is the novel plz take a picture

Pls be fast will mark brainliest if i can

Other questions on the subject: English

English, 21.06.2019 17:30, kwarwick0915

Does any one read this story "when mr. came to dine". in 9th grade. plz i need with one question about this story?

Answers: 3

continue

English, 22.06.2019 00:00, neymar6895

What is a generalization? a. a series of events that make up what happens in a story b. hints or clues that tell you what is going to happen in a story c. the final resolution or event that ties up loose ends in a story d. a simple statement about something complicated

Answers: 2

continue

English, 22.06.2019 06:30, kat1297

Which sentence uses the simple present tense of sleep? mr. ford sleeping on a feather mattress in his apartment. mr. ford will sleep on a feather mattress in his apartment. mr. ford sleeps on a feather mattress in his apartment. mr. ford slept on a feather mattress in his apartment.

Answers: 1

continue

English, 22.06.2019 07:50, o10376643

Why does the author's description of the mercury boiler—"the mercury, when vaporized, going into a mercury turbine and then into a condenser, remaining hot enough to generate steam in a steam boiler"—intentionally incorporate such highly technical language? using technical language establishes the expertise of the writer and convey the complex nature of the process being described. using technical language allows the writer to subtly poke fun at those who seek to make basic processes seem overly complicated. using technical language encourages readers to develop deeper and more meaningful personal connections to the information. using technical language lets the writer make clear to readers that the article is intended for readers who are themselves experts on electricity.