Read this paragraph from the essay. I have now been in India for over two years and a half after my return from South Africa. Over one quarter of that time I have passed on the Indian trains travelling third class by choice. I have travelled up north as far as Lahore, down south up to Tranquebar, and from Karachi to Calcutta. Having resorted to third class travelling, among other reasons, for the purpose of studying the conditions under which this class of passengers travel, I have naturally made as critical observations as I could. I have fairly covered the majority of railway systems during this period. Now and then I have entered into correspondence with the management of the different railways about the defects that have come under my notice. But I think that the time has come when I should invite the press and the public to join in a crusade against a grievance which has too long remained unredressed, though much of it is capable of redress without great difficulty.

How does the author's decision to use the word crusade to describe a protest movement affect the text?

It makes the protest sound especially strong and committed.

It adds an element of irony to the description of the protest.

It implies that the protesters will not back down, no matter what.

It suggests that there is a religious reason behind the protest.

I believe the author's decision to use the word crusade to describe a protest movement affects the text in the sense that:

A. It makes the protest sound especially strong and committed.

Explanation:

The Crusades were religious wars organized by the Catholic Church with the purpose of stopping the growth of Muslim states. Those battles lasted for centuries, and the soldiers fighting in them often perceived their own participation as a means of redemption and expiation for  their sins.

Nowadays, when we refer to something as a crusade, we mean we are willing to commit to it. We know it will be a long and arduous path/journey to achieve whatever purpose we have, but we are willing to remain strong. The word is now free of its religious meaning, applying to any event or enterprise that demands effort, patience, and time. Having that in mind, we can choose letter A as the best option: It makes the protest sound especially strong and committed.

NOTE: The question does not make it clear how many options may be checked. If it is only one, then letter A seems to be the best. However, if you can check more, I would suggest adding letter C as well.

source text: from the sketch here given it will be seen, that our good grandmothers differed considerably in their ideas of a fine figure, from their scantily dressed descendants of the present day. a fine lady, in those times, waddled under more clothes even on a fair summer's day, than would have clad the whole bevy of a modern ball room. nor were they the less admired by the gentlemen in consequence thereof. on the contrary, the greatness of a lover's passion seemed to increase in proportion to the magnitude of its object—and a voluminous damsel, arrayed in a dozen of petticoats, was declared by a low-dutch sonnetteer of the province, to be radiant as a sunflower, and luxuriant as a full blown cabbage. certain it is, that in those days, the heart of a lover could not contain more than one lady at a time; whereas the heart of a modern gallant has often room enough to accommodate half a dozen - - the reason of which i conclude to be, either that the hearts of the gentlemen have grown larger, or the persons of the ladies smaller — this however is a question for physiologists to determine. add punctuation to the following excerpt. writing under the name of diedrich knickerbocker washington irving aimed his potent satire at as diverse topics as political rivals such as thomas jefferson to the very ideal of looking back on the past affectionately: a fine lady, in those times, waddled under more clothes even on a fair summer's day, than would have clad the whole bevy of a modern ball room. a voluminous damsel, arrayed in a dozen of petticoats, was declared by a low-dutch sonnetteer of the province, to be radiant as a sunflower, and luxuriant as a full blown cabbage. in those days, the heart of a lover could not contain more than one lady at a time; whereas the heart of a modern gallant has often room enough to accommodate half a dozen

in 1636, roger williams settled at the tip of narragansett bay after being banished from the massachusetts bay colony for his religious views, on land granted to him by the narragansett tribe. he called the site "providence plantation" and declared it a place of religious freedom.

explanation: