Whose position does the author argue against in the passage?
presidents, who believe the Endangered
Species list can be used to serve the interests
of the people who have elected them
politicians, who believe that business interests
should be considered when managing wildlife
populations
conservationists, who believe that the federal
government should set wildlife policies rather
than individual states
humanitarians, who believe that all beings
deserve respect and admiration no matter
how they behave

the author argues against presidents who don't think wildlife population conservationists should be considered a business interest.

Explanation:

the answer is b just took the tested

in the quotation from passage, connie willis states that literature is a way for authors from the past to communicate with readers of today. we can read their stories, books, and other texts to learn lessons about life. willis refers to these lessons as messages “from beyond the grave.” willis has a favorable viewpoint about the timelessness of literature.