I need someon to talk to

Read the excerpt from the odyssey. what functions as a symbol in this excerpt? treated as rubbish now, he lay at lastupon a mass of dung before the gates-manure of mules and cows, piled there untilfieldhands could spread it on the king's estate. abandoned there, and half destroyed with flies, old argus lay. a. a muleb. the kingc. odysseusd. argus

Which group of words is an independant clause a. she came late b. so how was the c. there was an old d. nearly running down

What is the most likely reason the author chose to use the words daunting challenge?