Although many physical abilities over the adult , it is not these declines are inevitable. Life style factors such as a poor dietsmoking, drinking alcohol, and lack of exercise contribute to the decline in physical for some people. Moreover, culture markedly influences the way we think about and our expectations of our physical abilities in middle and later adulthood in Western cultures such as the United States, becoming old is associated with being frail, useless , and that many people attempt to push back the process ( Pastorino 2006 , 443 , material omitted)