1. Key words, 2. semantic fields, 3. imagery, 4. rhetoric devices, 5. form and structure, 6. context, 7. language, and 8. paraphrasing.
Explanation:
1. These are useful when identifying the main topic of a poem. Looking for specific words, such as adjectives qualifying certain nouns help readers understand the meaning of the poem.
2. Looking for semantic fields in a poem help readers to understand what the author is using in order to create a narrative environment.
3. Noticing the imagery of a poem helps understand a poem by means of imagination. This helps readers to imagine empirically what the author meant.
4. These are devices used to build a poem. Rhetoric devices such as alliteration (the repetition of sounds in consonants), oxymoron (two opposite words working together to create a meaning), etc. are used to give a tone to the poem and they all serve a specific purpose.
5. These help readers understand the meaning of a poem. The form of a poem tells a lot about its meaning, whether it is meant to demonstrate claustrophobia through a strict structure of rhyme or freedom through an open verse.
6. This help understand the moment in which a poem was written and the ideologies of the time.
7. The way in which language is used, if it has simple or complex sentences, the use of adjectives or pronouns, etc. These all have a purpose.
8. A useful tool to acknowledge how much a reader has understood a poem, it is good to try to paraphrase it in order to understand better.
