Throughout this essay, Gladwell relies heavily on expert testimony. He cites scholars and researchers as well as business analysts and State Department officials and security advisors. Choose two examples, and discuss how Gladwell uses one to support his argument and the other to examine a counterargument.

1. The Civil Rights Movement of February 1, 1960.- Supporting Argument

2. The case of a bone marrow donor for the Silicon Valley worker.- Counterargument

Explanation:

The author Malcolm Gladwell used the case of the sit-in by the four students in a white restaurant on February 1, 1960, to support his argument that close ties are very essential to high-risk activism. He believed that knowing friends on a personal level who supported the same course increased the chances of participating and persevering in acts of protests that could be life-threatening. For him, this level of success cannot be ensured by social media.

A counter-argument was when a Silicon Valley worker came down with leukemia that required a bone marrow transplant. It was impossible to get the donor through close relatives but only succeeded through a social media platform when the message was circulated among many people. The author countered the success of social media in this regard by saying that the intent was to have a sense of accomplishment and to receive praise. It did not involve a financial or personal risk.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)