16) According to section three, how are bonobos different from chimpanzees?
A) Chimpanzees eat more.
B) Bonobos are more common.
C) Chimpanzees are friendlier.
D) Bonobos are more intelligent.

the people of renaissance florence, like most city–states of the era, were composed of four social classes: the nobles, the merchants, the tradesmen and the unskilled workers.

the nobles lived on large estates outside the city walls. they owned most of the city’s land, so the nobles controlled. the nobles served as military officers, royal advisers and as politicians.

baldassare castiglione described the proper manners of a noble in the book of the courtier (1528). castiglione wrote that a noble must have training to be an able warrior and social talents such as wit, the ability to dance, and “a certain grace that makes all his activities seem effortless and unconscious.”

the nobles were disdainful of the merchant class, who gained wealth in industries like wool processing, shipbuilding and banking. the merchants sought to protect their wealth by controlling the government and marrying into noble families. they became patrons of great artists in order to gain public favor.

the tradesmen of florence were the crafts workers and shopkeepers. most tradesmen belonged to guilds, organizations that established standards of quality, set rules for membership, and limited outside competition.

the unskilled workers were the lowest class of city workers. these laborers did not have job protection and were very dependent on their employers. workers who violated rules could have their wages withheld or could be discharged from their jobs.

all languages change over time, and there can be many different reasons for this. the english language is no different – but why has it changed over the decades? some of the main influences on the evolution of languages include : -the movement of people across countries and continents, for example migration and, in previous centuries, colonization. for example, english speakers today would probably be comfortable using the spanish word “loco” to describe someone who is “crazy”. -speakers of one language coming into contact with those who speak a different one. no two individuals speak identically: people from different geographical places clearly speak differently and even within the same community there are variations according to a speaker’s age, gender, ethnicity and social and educational background. for example, the word “courting” has become “dating”. -new vocabulary required for inventions such as transport, domestic appliances and industrial equipment, or for sporting, entertainment, cultural and leisure reasons. for example, the original late 19th-century term “wireless” has become today’s “radio”. due to these influences, a language always embraces new words, expressions and pronunciations as people come across new words and phrases in their day-to-day lives and integrate them into their own speech.

    as the english language has changed, it’s been easy to pick out words that pass into common usage. here at pearson english, we have explored some of these recent changes to the english language. the rise in popularity of internet slang has seen phrases such as “lol” (laugh out loud), “yolo” (you only live once) and “bae” (an abbreviated form of babe or baby) become firmly embedded in the english language over the past ten years. sentence structure is of course another change to english language. decades ago, it would have been normal to ask “have you a moment” now, you might say “do’ you have a sec” similarly, “how do you do” has become “how’s it going” not only have the sentences been abbreviated, but new words have been introduced to everyday questions connected to this is the replacement of certain words with other, more-modern versions. it’s pretty noticeable that words like “shall” and “ought” are on the way out, but “will”, “should” and “can” are doing just fine.

as with everything, change isn’t necessarily a bad thing and, as the needs of english language users continue to change, so will the language!