What does Mrs. Dubose mean when she says Atticus’ decision to defend Tom Robinson is “going against his raising?” What do her comments say about racism in Maycomb? "To Kill a Mockingbird"

   Atticus was brought up to be racist. He was surrounded by racism from an early age and was taught that black people are somehow inferior to white people. Despite this, he "goes against his raising" by treating African Americans the same as he treats white people; with respect and dignity. This is uncommon for Maycomb, a small town in the South where racism runs rampant. Mrs. Dubose disapproves of Atticus's decision to defend Tom Robinson, claiming he is going against his upbringing.

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."

a) madame podtochina used witchcraft to make it disappear.