Read the passage. Candy bars were invented in 1847. The first chocolate bar was made in Britain by Joseph Fry and his son. They made a paste of cocoa powder and sugar, then pressed it into a rectangular-shaped bar. Two years later, John Cadbury introduced his own brand of chocolate bar. Fry and Cadbury became a team and became great chocolate makers.

What purpose does the medium achieve?

The text gives the reader details that suggest how chocolate bars smell.
The text includes facts to help the reader understand the history of the chocolate bar.
The text provides descriptions that help the reader picture how the chocolate bar has changed.
The text presents details that help the reader see how the taste of the chocolate bar has improved.

The text includes facts to help the reader understand the history of the chocolate bar.

Explanation:

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)