Bonus Question: What is the name of the state that was Bethany Hamilton in when a shark bit off part of her arm?

state of Hawaii

Explanation:

But on October 31, 2003, during a surfing session off the shore of her home state of Hawaii, she suffered a major setback. Bethany was lounging with her left arm over the side of her board when a 14-foot tiger shark clamped down on her arm, severing it just below the shoulder.

explanation:

ward, and charles cooley, felt that social conflict was a process that should be in exploring social processes and social problems. conflict as a functional social process." 

the correct answer is "dissent"

explanation:

because dissent is when one or more judges express disagreement with the majority in court, in specific legal systems.   an   argument in opposition is presented to the court, with a different interpretation, or application.